Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About the authors -- 1: Protocols, Procedures, and Philosophy -- 1-1: Importance of clothing examination -- 1-2: Clothing a "Crime Scene" -- 1-3: Multiple hypotheses, alternative explanations -- 1-4: Origin of evidence -- 1-5: Searching for evidence and the screening effect -- 1-6: Checklists, guidelines, and protocols -- 1-7: Nonprescriptive holistic approach -- 1-8: References -- 2: Preliminary Inquiries --2-1: Focus of the examination -- 2-2: Information concerning the crime -- 2-3; Levels of information -- Description vs identification -- Data, results, conclusions, interpretations -- Stability of information -- 2-4: History of exhibit -- 2-5: Reference and control samples -- 2-6: Preservation, handling, and storage -- 2-7: Contamination issues -- 2-8: Health and safety -- 2-9: References -- 3: Preliminary Assessment -- 3-1: Documentation -- 3-2: Detection -- 3-3: Recovery -- 3-4: Clothing construction -- 3-5: Yarn and fabric composition -- 3-6: Yarns or threads -- 3-7: Fabric -- Weave -- Knit -- Felts, leather, and other non-wovens -- 3-8: Definitions -- 3-9: Sewing terminology -- 3-10: Clothing construction terminology -- 3-11: References -- 4: Stains And Deposits -- 4-1: Introduction -- 4-2: Information from preliminary examination -- Overview -- Class of material -- Appearance of deposit -- Manner of deposit -- Sequence of deposit and time of deposit -- Deposit from the outside or the inside surface -- Direct or indirect transfer -- Alteration -- Wear -- Alteration from immersion in water and alteration from burning -- Alteration from the examination -- Relationship to other stains, deposits, or damage -- 4-3: Getting started: workflow for examination of stains and deposits -- Examining individual stains and deposits -- Smears and directional contact deposits -- Projected stains and deposits-spatters, scatters, and splashes -- Grouped stains, deposits, and damage -- Comparing stains and deposits on different items -- 4-4: Sampling of stains and deposits -- Basis for sampling -- Preliminary sampling -- Crusts and films -- Caked deposits and heterogeneous agglomerates -- Powdery deposits -- Stains -- Viscous deposits -- 4-5: Questions that can be addressed by stains and deposits -- 4-6: Sorting tools for stains and deposits -- Sorting tools for preliminary evaluation -- Sorting tools for examining samples received from another examiner -- 4-7: Establishing a reference collection -- 4-8: Writing reports -- 4-9: Summary -- 4-10: Terminology for stains and deposits -- Terminology for appearance -- Terminology for manner of deposit -- 4-11: References -- 5: Pattern Evidence -- 5-1: Blood pattern analysis (BPA) -- Impact blood spatter -- Gunshot -- Beating and stabbing -- Projected blood spatter -- Expirated blood -- Arterial spurt -- Cast-off spatter -- Secondary spatter -- Directionality -- Clotted blood -- Transfer bloodstain patterns and contact bloodstains -- Altered bloodstain patterns -- Limitations -- BPA terminology suggested for use in clothing examination --5-2: Firearm discharge residue patterns -- 5-3: Direct contact impressions: imprints and indentations -- Fingerprints -- Footwear -- Tire marks -- Lipstick prints -- Weapon, tool, and object marks -- Fabric impressions -- 5-4: Physical Fit -- 5-5: References -- 6: Damage -- 6-1: Introduction -- 6-2: Damage categories -- 6-3: Examination approach -- 6-4: Normal wear and tear and "recency" -- 6-5: Cuts -- 6-6; Tears -- 6-7: Holes and punctures -- 6-8: Stabbing -- 6-9: Simulations -- 6-10: Physical fit -- 6-11: Glass cuts -- 6-12; Microbial damage -- 6-13: Thermal (fire and heat) damage -- 6-14: Firearm damage -- 6-15: Other textiles -- 6-16: Limitations -- 6-17: Glossary of terms -- 6-18: References -- 7: Human Biological Evidence -- 7-1: Blood -- Testing for blood -- 7-2: Semen -- Testing for semen -- 7-3: Saliva -- Testing for saliva -- 7-4: Vaginal secretions, urine, feces, and vomit -- Vaginal secretions -- Urine -- Feces -- Vomit -- 7-5: Dandruff -- 7-6: DNA -- 7-7: Wearer DNA -- 7-8: Trace DNA -- 7-9: Multiple body sources -- 7-10: Mixtures -- 7-11: Nonhuman biological evidence -- 7-12: Conclusion -- 7-13: References -- 8: Traces And Debris -- 8-1: Nature of debris -- 8-2: Sorting tools for evaluating traces and debris -- 8-3: Composition of debris -- Normal debris vs foreign debris -- Individual types of material vs set of debris -- 8-4: Component vs. non-component debris -- 8-5: Transfers of debris Transfers of individual types of material -- Paint -- Glass -- Hair -- Fibers -- Gunpowder particles -- Soil and sand -- Pollen, spores, wood, and other plant parts -- Insects and insect parts -- Cosmetics and glitter -- Foam rubber and plastics -- Lubricants from condoms, contraceptive creams, and related materials -- Soot and other black smudges -- Beads and spheres from welding, soldering, burning, and incineration -- Materials from evidence packaging -- Transfer via direct or indirect contact -- Transfer, persistence, and detection -- Problem of detection -- Evaluating transfer and persistence -- 8-6: Questions that can be addressed by examinations of traces and debris -- 8-7: Questions of contact -- 8-8: Target vs context-based examinations -- 8-9: Absence of debris -- 8-10: Summary: Nature, composition, source, and transfers of traces and debris -- 8-11: Sampling and sorting -- Sampling rationale -- Sampling criteria -- Sequence of sampling and collection -- Techniques for sampling and collection -- Sample size and composition -- Sampling and sorting techniques -- Special problems in sample collection -- Collecting samples for target examinations -- 8-12: Reference samples and reference standards -- Reference samples -- Reference standards -- Primary and secondary reference samples -- 8-13: Reconstruction of events -- 8-14: Process-based descriptive terminology for traces and debris -- 8-15; Trace evidence recovery guidelines -- 8-16: References -- 9: Results And Their Significance -- 9-1: Significance of the evidence -- 9-2: Expectations 9-3: Context of evidence obtained from clothing -- 9-4: Objectivity and opinion -- 9-5: Adversarial system and the law -- 9-6: Interpretation and communication of the evidence 9-7: Peer, technical, and administrative reviews -- 9-8: Training and maintaining the expertise of the clothing examiner -- 9-9: References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- Index.