Restringido

Molt patterns are poorly understood in most large bird species; however, they are of paramount importance in the development of surveys in which age is a key parameter. From 2000 to 2011, we studied the body condition and molt patterns of 214 Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus) in Spain. Adult Griffon Vultures (“griffons”) demonstrated a poor body condition in winter during the incubation period, which then improved after hatching. Conversely, subadults were fairly uniform throughout the year, with their condition slightly inferior to that of adults all year around except the incubation period. The molt period lasted from April to December, ending in winter. Juveniles started their first molt in May of their second calendar year, beginning from the innermost primary (pp1) and proceeding outwards. Later, in midsummer, some individuals molted secondaries (only 17% of secondaries were molted in the first molt season) beginning at four foci: from the innermost (ss25) outwards, the outermost (ss1) and ss5 or ss6 inwards, and centrifugally from ss12. In the third calendar year, griffons continued molting primaries outwards in an orderly fashion and two new foci appeared in secondaries, apparently at ss6 and ss15. Most juvenile feathers were completely molted by the fourth calendar year, although some fifth-calendar-year griffons had retained juvenile secondaries. Subsequently, adults did not show a consistent molt pattern, but had a high degree of asymmetry between the two wings. Some quills were molted more often than others and this led us to hypothesize that adult griffons might molt quills on demand.

Zuberogoitia, I., De La Puente, J., Elorriaga, J., Alonso, R., Palomares L.E., Martínez, J.E. 2013. The flight feather molt of Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus) and associated biological consequences. J. Raptor Res. 47(3): 292-303.